The VEGF family consists of homologous dimeric cytokines that promote angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis while increasing vascular permeability. This family includes VEGF-A, VEGF-B, VEGF-C, VEGF-D, and placental growth factor (PlGF). VEGF-A and PlGF can influence endothelial cell mitosis, chemotaxis, and vascular permeability. The binding of VEGF to its receptor VEGFR-1, as well as the binding of VEGFR-2 and PlGF to VEGFR-1, can lead to neovascularization and increased vascular permeability.

As a soluble decoy receptor, Boyojing binds to cytokines such as VEGF-A, VEGF-B, and PlGF, blocking the downstream signaling pathways of VEGFR. This inhibits neovascularization and reduces vascular permeability, thereby improving ocular diseases associated with pathological neovascularization of the retina and choroid.